1.1 This test method covers how to determine the magneticcharacteristics of magnetically hard materials (permanentmagnets), particularly their initial magnetization,demagnetization, and recoil curves, and such quantities as theresidual induction, coercive field strength, knee field, energyproduct, and recoil permeability. This test method is suitablefor all materials processed into bulk magnets by any commonfabrication technique (casting, sintering, rolling, molding, andso forth), but not for thin films or for magnets that are verysmall or of unusual shape. Uniformity of composition,structure, and properties throughout the magnet volume isnecessary to obtain repeatable results. Particular attention ispaid to the problems posed by modern materials combiningvery high coercivity with high saturation induction, such as therare-earth magnets, for which older test methods (see TestMethod A341/A341M) are unsuitable. An applicable interna-tional standard is IEC Publication 60404-5.
